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SAGE · Small-Area Global Elections

Small-Area Global Elections (SAGE) Dataset — India 2019

SAGE provides standardized, geocoded 2019 Lok Sabha returns at polling-station level for India, with party, candidate, vote, turnout, coordinate, and polygon fields inside a comparable global election archive.

Open downloadCore referenceLargeGood starting dataset

Noah Dasanaike · 2026 · Harvard Dataverse

electionsgeospatialcomparative politics
Host / institution

Harvard Dataverse / SAGE · Noah Dasanaike / Harvard University

Geography

India, state, parliamentary constituency, polling station, coordinates and derived polygons

Time coverage

India: 2019 Lok Sabha election; global archive: 1948–2026

Update frequency

Periodic releases as countries, election years, and corrections are added

What this is best for

Fine-grained spatial analysis of the 2019 Lok Sabha election and comparison with small-area election returns from other countries

Main limitations

India coverage currently contains only the 2019 Lok Sabha election; SAGE reports about 867,000 units and 0.944 geographic coverage, so validate unmatched or duplicated geocodes and treat the harmonized polygons as research geometry rather than official ECI boundaries

Quick answers

Short research-facing answers derived from this catalog record.

What is SAGE India 2019 used for?
Fine-grained spatial analysis of the 2019 Lok Sabha election and comparison with small-area election returns from other countries
How do you access SAGE India 2019 data?
SAGE India 2019 is labeled “Open download” on this guide. Open the access portal or documentation links on the record for the current host process—do not assume open download if registration or a DUA is required.
What geography and time does SAGE India 2019 cover?
Geography: India, state, parliamentary constituency, polling station, coordinates and derived polygons. Time coverage: India: 2019 Lok Sabha election; global archive: 1948–2026.
What are the main limitations of SAGE India 2019?
India coverage currently contains only the 2019 Lok Sabha election; SAGE reports about 867,000 units and 0.944 geographic coverage, so validate unmatched or duplicated geocodes and treat the harmonized polygons as research geometry rather than official ECI boundaries

Background & previous rounds

SAGE harmonizes lower-house parliamentary and presidential returns at the smallest geography published by each electoral authority. The wider archive covers more than 600 country-elections across 131 countries; the India slice is a single 2019 legislative election with polling-station results and available candidate names.

Guides for using this data

Official portals, user guides, codebooks, and tutorials for access and analysis.

4 links

Variables11

SAGE codebook and project repository schema. Representative fields for the page table — verify the full dictionary on the official site.

Open official dictionary
Name / codeDescription
country / iso3Country name and ISO3 code
NAME1 ... NAMEkHierarchical administrative and electoral-unit names
year / election_typeElection year and standardized election type
party / candidateHarmonized party and available candidate names
votes / total_votesContestant votes and total votes at the electoral unit
reg / turnout_regRegistered voters and registered-voter turnout
evp / turnout_evpEligible voting population and corresponding turnout
latitude / longitudeGeocoded electoral-unit coordinates
geometry_type / geometry_levelGeometry construction method and spatial level
partyfacts_id / match_confidenceCross-national Party Facts match and confidence
geocode_duplicatesCount of units sharing the same coordinate
Formats

Parquet · GeoParquet · R sf

Technical tags
polling-station-levelgeocodedParquetGeoParquetcross-national
Example uses
Typical research and analysis uses for this dataset

Polling-station vote maps, local turnout analysis, spatial electoral polarization, and cross-national small-area election comparisons

Research and articles using this data

Verified examples that analyze, reuse, introduce, or visualize this dataset. Search matches without evidence are not published here.

1 verified source

Scholarly works1

  • Journal articleIntroduces data
    The Small-Area Global Elections (SAGE) Dataset

    Noah Dasanaike · Scientific Data · 2026

    Introduces the SAGE archive and documents its harmonized small-area election data, including the India 2019 release.

Scholarly checked:
6 Sept 2026
Web checked:
Not checked yet
Academic identifiers

Data DOI: 10.7910/DVN/YGJR1L

Dasanaike, N. 2026. The Small-Area Global Elections (SAGE) Dataset. Harvard Dataverse. DOI 10.7910/DVN/YGJR1L.

Pairs well with

Many Indian data problems need survey + administrative combinations.